Ibyo wamenya ku nganda 3 za Nuclear za Iran zagabweho ibitero na USA

Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zagabye ibitero ku hantu hatatu h’ingenzi hakorerwa ibijyanye n’ingufu za Nikeleyeri muri Iran, nk’uko Perezida Donald Trump yabitangaje kuri Truth Social ku mugoroba wo ku wa Gatandatu, mu gihe intambara hagati ya Iran na Israel igeze mu cyumweru cya kabiri cyayo.

Trump yavuze ko ibibuga bya Fordow, Isfahan, na Natanz byasenywe “burundu kandi bikarangizwa burundu.” Ariko abayobozi ba Iran bo bagabanyije ubukana bw’ingaruka z’ibi bitero, aho umwe mu badepite yavuze ko igitero cyari “cyoroheje” kandi ko Fordow itangiritse bikomeye.

Minisitiri w’ububanyi n’amahanga wa Iran na we yaburiye Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ko ibyo bitero “bizagira ingaruka z’iteka,” ariko Trump nawe yihanangirije Iran avuga ko niyihorera izahura n’imbaraga zidasanzwe.

Dore ibyo wamenya kuri izi nganda 3 zikomeye ziri ku isonga mu zitunganyirizwamo ingufu za Nikeleyeri za Iran.

Natanz

Iki kigo gikomeye kiri mu bilometero 250 mu majyepfo y’umurwa mukuru Tehran, kikaba ari cyo Iran ikoresha cyane mu gutunganya uranium.

Impuguke zivuga ko hakoreshwa mu gukora no gutunganya centrifuges, imashini zifasha mu gutunganya uranium ikaba igera ku rwego rukoreshwa mu gukora ingufu za Nikeleyeri.

Nk’uko ikigo kitari icya leta cyitwa Nuclear Threat Initiative (NTI) kibivuga, Natanz ifite inyubako esheshatu ziri hejuru y’ubutaka n’ahantu hatatu hihishe munsi y’ubutaka, aho habiri muri ho hashobora kwakira centrifuges zigera ku 50,000.

Iki kigo cyagabweho igitero bwa mbere na Israel, aho amafoto yafashwe na satelite n’isuzuma byerekanye ko igice cyo hejuru cy’uruganda rwa Pilot Fuel Enrichment Plant cyasenywe.

Iki ni ikigo kinini cyatangiye gukora kuva mu 2003, aho Iran yari imaze gutunganya uranium ku kigero cya 60% isukuye, nk’uko Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye rishinzwe ingufu za Nikeleyeri (IAEA) ribivuga. Uranium ikoreshwa mu ntwaro za Nikeleyeri itunganywa kugera kuri 90%.

Ibitero bya mbere byanakuyeho amashanyarazi ku rwego rwo hasi aho izo centrifuges zibikwa, nk’uko abategetsi babiri ba Amerika babibwiye CNN icyo gihe. Kubera ko igice kinini kiri munsi y’ubutaka, gukuraho amashanyarazi ni uburyo bukomeye bwo guhungabanya imikorere y’imashini n’ibikoresho byo mu nda y’ubutaka.

Fordow

Hari byinshi bitaramenyekana kuri uru ruganda rw’ibanga rurinzwe cyane ruri hafi y’umujyi wera wa Qom, rukaba rwubatse mu misozi minini. Ibyinshi bimenyekana kuri Fordow byavuye mu nyandiko za Iran zibibwe n’ubutasi bwa Israel mu myaka yashize.

Inyubako nyamukuru ziri hagati ya metero 80 na 90 (ni ukuvuga hagati ya metero 262 na 295) munsi y’ubutaka, bikagora cyane kugihindura umuyonga uvuye mu kirere. Amerika niyo yonyine ifite bombe ishobora kugera ku rwego nk’urwo, nk’uko abayobozi ba Israel n’inkuru zigenga zigeze kubivuga. Ariko n’ubundi, impuguke zivuga ko n’izo bombe zidashobora kuba zihagije.

Nk’uko Ikigo cyigenga cyitwa Institute for Science and International Security (ISIS) kibivuga: “Iran ishobora guhindura uranium ifite ku rwego rwa 60% ikagera ku kigero cya 233 kg ya uranium ikoreshwa mu ntwaro mu byumweru bitatu muri Fordow,” ibyo bikaba bihagije gukora intwaro za Nikeleyeri icyenda.

Amakuru aheruka ya IAEA yagaragaje ko Iran yongereye umusaruro wa uranium ifite isuku ya 60% muri Fordow. Urwo ruganda rugizwe na centrifuges zigera ku 2,700, nk’uko IAEA n’impuguke zibivuga.

Isfahan

Isfahan rwo ni uruganda runini cyane ruherereye hagati mu gihugu cya Iran, rukaba rufite ikigo kinini cy’ubushakashatsi ku by’ingufu za Nikeleyeri.

Iki kigo cyubatswe ku bufatanye n’u Bushinwa kikaba cyaratangiye gukora mu 1984, nk’uko NTI ibivuga. NTI inavuga ko abashakashatsi 3,000 bakorera Isfahan, kandi ko ari “ahakekwa ko ari igicumbi cy’umushinga wa Nikeleyeri wa Iran.”

NTI ivuga ko Isfahan “ikoresha utwuma dutatu duto tw’ubushakashatsi twatanzwe n’u Bushinwa,” ndetse n’uruganda rutunganya uranium, uruganda rukora ingufu, uruganda rutunganya zirconium, hamwe n’ibindi bigo n’amalaboratwari.