Kwigunga n’agahinda gakabije mu rubyiruko rw’u Rwanda: Inkuru y’agahinda k’ibanga kihishe mu mitima y’abana b’igihugu

Mu ijoro rya saa yine n’igice z’ijoro, ubwo abaturanyi bari baryamye, Yvette (izina ryahinduwe), umukobwa w’imyaka 25, yari yicaye ku gitanda cye, afashe Telephone ye. Yari amaze iminsi ataryama neza, atarya, ndetse nta n’umwe wo mu muryango we wigeze abona ko hari ikitagenda neza muri we. Yanditse amagambo make kuri WhatsApp status ye (ahajya ubutumwa bumara amasaaha 24), ati”

“Mwese muraryama, ariko sinzongera kubakangura… Nabuze impamvu n’imwe yo gukomeza kubaho. Uko mbyuka buri gitondo ni ukwihambira ku buzima nyamara ngewe mba mbona butankeneye na gato.”

Yvette, wari urangije kaminuza umwaka ushize, yabayeho amezi menshi yirirwa ahanganye n’agahinda gakomeye ndetse n’umunaniro wo mu mutwe. Yigeze kwandika ku mbuga nkoranyambaga amagambo ajimije y’amarangamutima, ariko abantu babifata nk’imikino. Nyuma y’iminsi itatu, yagiye kwa muganga bamupima indwara z’umubiri, basanga nta kibazo. Ariko roho n’umutima bye byarashwanyaguritse.

Agahinda karimo kwica urubyiruko 

Ubu ni ikibazo gihangayikishije isi yose, ariko mu Rwanda, biragenda bifata intera yihariye mu rubyiruko. Hari benshi batakivuga, batacyishima, batacyifitiye icyizere, batacyiyumvamo agaciro habe na gato.

Dr. Niyomugabo Jean Claude, umuganga w’indwara zo mu mutwe ukorera i Huye, avuga ko ikibazo cy’agahinda gakabije kiri gufata indi ntera mu rubyiruko kandi kikaba kigira ingaruka zikomeye yaba ku buzima bw’umuntu ku giti cye, umuryango we ndetse n’igihugu muri rusange.

“Urubyiruko ruri guhangana n’ibibazo by’amarangamutima bikomeye, ariko ntibahabwa umwanya cyangwa uburyo bwo kubivugaho. Hari igihe bavuga bikitirirwa ubunebwe cyangwa ‘gukina’, kandi ari indwara ifite imizi.”

Kwigunga ni igihe umuntu yumva atari kumwe n’abandi mu buryo bw’amarangamutima, n’ubwo yaba ari mu bantu benshi. Iyo kwigunga kudakemutse, gutera agahinda gakabije (depression),  indwara ituma umuntu adashobora kwishima, gutekereza neza, gukora imirimo ya buri munsi, ndetse rimwe na rimwe akagira ibitekerezo byo kwiyambura ubuzima.

Eric, w’imyaka 26, utuye i Muhanga, nawe yahuye n’agahinda gakabije nyuma yo gutsindwa ikizamini cyo kwinjira mu gisirikare, aho yari yarabifashe nk’ihirwe ryonyine yari afite.

“Nari narabibwiye Mama, mbyizeza inshuti zanjye. Byanze ku nshuro ya gatatu. Nafunze telefone, maze ndihisha. Hari igihe numvaga kwiyahura ari cyo gisubizo, ariko natekereza ku mubyeyi wanjye bikangiza umutima.”

Yatangiye kujya mu matorero y’urubyiruko aho yahabonye inshuti zitamuha urw’amenyo. Ubu ari kwiga imyuga yo gukora ibikoresho byo mu rugo.

Ibi si ubuzima bw’umwe gusa. Ni ukuri guteye ubwoba ku bantu benshi barimo urubyiruko rw’u Rwanda ruri kugenda ruhura n’ibibazo by’agahinda gakabije no kwigunga, ikibazo kitavugwa kenshi mu ruhame, ariko gihitana benshi gahoro gahoro, mu bwiru bw’ubuzima busigaye ari urugamba rwo kubaho buri munsi.

Agahinda gakabije (depression) n’iyigunga (loneliness) biri kwiyongera mu rubyiruko mu buryo bugaragara, ariko amajwi y’ababirwaye ahora acika intege, akazimira mu rusaku rw’ababwira abantu ngo “bihangane”, cyangwa bakavuga ko “ntabwo ari bo bonyine bababayeho.” Mu mibereho ya buri munsi, urubyiruko ruvuga gake, ruseka cyane, ariko rutagifite n’umwanya wo kwisanzura ku bandi mu kuri kw’amarangamutima yabo.

Hari igihe umuntu arira mu mutima, umutima ugaturika bucece, ntihumvikane n’amarira. Ni ho agahinda gakabije gashinga imizi.

Mu Rwanda, bamwe mu rubyiruko bavuga ko basigaye batabona akamaro ko kubaho. Umukobwa wo mu karere ka Huye yagize ati:

“Ndiga, ariko sinumva impamvu. Sinizeye ko nzahita mbona akazi, gufasha umuryango wange bizangora. Umunsi wose ntekereza ibintu bibi.”

Ni iki gitera kwigunga n’agahinda gakabije mu rubyiruko rw’u Rwanda?

1. Ubukene n’Ubushomeri

Ubushakashatsi bwa National Youth Council bugaragaza ko ubushomeri mu rubyiruko burenze 20%. Umusore urangije kaminuza asanga nta kazi, nta bushobozi bwo gutangira ubucuruzi, nta muryango umufasha. Benshi bicwa n’agahinda ko kumva ko bananiwe bakiri bato.

2. Kunanirwa Kugera ku Nzozi

Urubyiruko rw’u Rwanda rurazirikana. Benshi barize, ariko ibihe by’ubukungu biragoye, ubushobozi buke bwo kwihangira imirimo, n’imihindagurikire ry’imibereho bituma amahirwe bayabura. Ibi bibakururira kwiheba.

3. Imiryango Iyangirika

Ihohoterwa rishingiye ku muryango, kubura urukundo rw’ababyeyi, cyangwa kubura ababyeyi, bibatera kuba abanyamugogo. Abenshi baba mu miryango idafite umutekano, aho urubyiruko rudahabwa umwanya wo gutekereza, kumvwa cyangwa gukundwa.

4. Ikoreshwa nabi ry’imbuga nkoranyambaga

Urubyiruko rwinshi rumara amasaha menshi ku mbuga nkoranyambaga, ruhura n’igitutu cyo kugereranya ubuzima bwabo n’ubw’abandi: urukundo rwiza, amafaranga, ubwiza. Ibi bitera kwiheba no kutiyizera.

5. Guhutazwa no Kwicwa n’ibikomere byo mu mateka

Mu Rwanda, bamwe mu rubyiruko bafite inkomoko mu miryango yahuye n’ingaruka z’amateka mabi ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Aho gukira ibikomere, bamwe bibabera umutwaro. Hari n’abatazi aho baturuka, bibatera kwibaza icyo bari cyo.

Ni izihe ngaruka mbi ihungabana n’agahinda gakabije bigira ku rubyiruko rw’u Rwanda

– Kwiyahura n’ibitekerezo byo kwiyambura ubugingo

Nk’uko byatangajwe na RBC, kwiyahura ni kimwe mu bibazo bikomeye bigaragara mu rubyiruko, aho imibare y’abiyahuye ikomeje kwiyongera. Urubyiruko rugerageza guhunga agahinda gakabije, rimwe na rimwe rukarenga urugero.

– Ubushake buke mu mashuri no ku isoko ry’akazi

Urubyiruko rugaragaza ko rutagira ubushake bwo kwiga no gukora, bityo bigatuma habaho igabanuka ry’abarushaho gutsinda cyangwa kubona akazi.

– Gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge n’inzoga

Abenshi mu rubyiruko bafite ikibazo cy’agahinda gakabije bajya mu myitwarire mibi nk’uko byerekanywe mu bushakashatsi bwa Minisante 2023, aho 20% by’urubyiruko bavuga ko bakoresha inzoga nyinshi cyangwa ibindi biyobyabwenge mu rwego rwo kwirinda kwiyumvamo agahinda.

– Guteza imbere imyitwarire mibi n’imanza

Ibibazo by’agahinda gakabije bigira ingaruka ku myitwarire, bikongera ibyaha bikorerwa mu rubyiruko harimo ubujura, ruswa, n’ibindi bibazo by’imitekerereze.

Imibare yerekana uko Kwigunga n’agahinda gakabije bihagaze mu Rwanda

• • Raporo ya RBC (2024) ivuga ko 30% by’urubyiruko rw’abari hagati y’imyaka 15 na 30 bavuga ko bahura n’ibibazo by’agahinda gakabije.

  • UNICEF Rwanda (2023) ivuga ko hafi 70% by’abana b’u Rwanda bafite hagati y’imyaka 15 na 24 batabona uburyo bwo gusangiza ibibazo byabo byo mu mutima, bityo bakaba mu byago byo kwigunga.

  • Mu mwaka wa 2022, ibitaro bya Ndera byakiriye abasaga 400 bavuye mu byiciro bitandukanye by’imyaka 18-30, bagaragaza ibimenyetso by’indwara z’agahinda gakabije n’ibindi bibazo by’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe.

  • Minisiteri y’Ubuzima (MINISANTE) ivuga ko ubwinshi bw’abarwayi b’indwara zo mu mutwe mu rubyiruko buri kwiyongera ku kigero cya 15% buri mwaka.

   Ni iki cyakorwa mu guhangana n’iki kibazo?

              Dr. Clarisse Mukamana, umuhanga mu ndwara zo mu mutwe mu bitaro bya Ndera, avuga ko:

 “Agahinda gakabije gaterwa n’impamvu zitandukanye kandi ntigafite igisubizo kimwe.   Gusa ubushishozi, ubuvuzi bwihuse, no gushyira imbere kuganiriza urubyiruko ni intambwe ya mbere yo gukumira icyorezo gituruka mu muryango utabizi.”

Avuga ko hakenewe kongerwa umubare w’abajyanama mu mashuri (school counselors), abajyanama b’ubuzima mu midugudu bahawe amahugurwa, ndetse n’uruhare rw’imiryango mu kuganiriza abana.

Dr. Jean Bosco Havugimana, umuhanga wigisha ibijyanye n’imitekerereze (psychology) muri Kaminuza y’u Rwanda, yongeraho ko:

“Twese dufite uruhare. Kwakira no kuvugana n’urubyiruko, kumva ububabare bwabo, si ikosa. Ahubwo ni igikorwa cy’ubutwari. Guceceka ni ko kubica gahoro gahoro.”

Ibisubizo bya Leta n’abafatanyabikorwa

Minisiteri y’Ubuzima mu Rwanda (MINISANTE) ifatanyije na RBC, hamwe na UNICEF, bashyizeho gahunda zitandukanye zo kurwanya no gukumira agahinda gakabije mu rubyiruko:

. Gutangiza “Youth Friendly Mental Health Services” mu bitaro by’uturere no mu mashuri

. Gushyiraho imirongo ya telephone (hotlines) zitanga ubujyanama ku buzima bwo mu mutwe

. Gukora ubukangurambaga ku mbuga nkoranyambaga no mu mashuri ku buzima bwo mu mutwe

. Gutoza abarezi n’ababyeyi kumenya ibimenyetso by’agahinda gakabije no gutanga ubufasha

. Gutera inkunga gahunda z’imyuga no kwihangira imirimo mu rubyiruko

Agahinda gakabije no kwigunga mu rubyiruko ni ikibazo gikomeye kigomba gufatirwa ingamba zihuse kandi zifatika. Urubyiruko rugomba kumva ko rutari mu bwigunge, ko rubereye mu muryango w’abantu bategereje kubumva no kurufasha. Kuba igihugu cyateye imbere mu bukungu si ikimenyetso cy’uko ibibazo by’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe byakemutse.

Ibi bisaba ubufatanye bw’inzego zose: leta, imiryango, amashuri, ababyeyi, ndetse n’urubyiruko ubwabo kugira ngo hategurwe ahazaza heza hubakiye ku buzima bwo mu mutwe buzira umuze.