Amerika yaje mu bihugu bitanu bya mbere u Rwanda rwoherezamo ibicuruzwa byinshi

Nk’uko bigaragara mu mibare mishya yatangajwe n’Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Ibarurishamibare (NISR) mu gihembwe cya mbere cy’umwaka wa 2025, Amerika yabaye igihugu cya gatanu u Rwanda rwoherejemo ibicuruzwa byinshi, ihita ivana u Bwongereza kuri urwo rutonde.

Imibare yerekana ko muri Werurwe 2025 gusa, u Rwanda rwohereje muri Amerika ibicuruzwa bifite agaciro ka Miliyoni 5.17 z’Amadolari ya Amerika, bituma izamuka ijya mu bihugu bitanu bya mbere u Rwanda rwoherezamo ibicuruzwa byinshi.

Ibicuruzwa u Rwanda rumaze igihe rwohereza muri Amerika harimo ikawa, icyayi, ibihangano by’ubugeni ndetse n’imyenda.

Kubera amasezerano yerekeye iby’amabuye y’agaciro arimo kuganirwaho muri iki gihe, akaba ari igice kimwe cy’amasezerano yagutse yo ku rwego rw’Akarere, hashobora kuzabaho kwiyongera cyane kw’ibicuruzwa u Rwanda rwohereza hanze.

Ku itariki 13 Gicurasi 2025, Amerika yasinyanye amasezerano y’ubufatanye na sosiyete ya Trinity Metals ikora ibijyanye n’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro mu Rwanda, hamwe na Nathan Trotter yo muri Amerika, ayo masezerano akaba agamije gushyiraho imikoranire ihamye mu rwego rw’ubucuruzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro ya ‘tin’.

Ubwo bufatanye bw’inzego za Leta n’abikorera buzashorwamo agera kuri Miliyoni 100 z’Amadolari, bugamije gukura ayo mabuye mu birombe bya Trinity Metals biri mu Rwanda, akagera muri Amerika, dore ko ari amabuye akenewe cyane mu nganda z’ikoranabuhanga no mu ngufu zisubira.

Nubwo agaciro k’ibicuruzwa u Rwanda rwohereza muri Amerika kataragera ku rwego rwo hejuru mu bucuruzi mpuzamahanga, ariko iyo ni intambwe ikomeye igaragaza impinduka y’isura y’isoko ry’u Rwanda, kuko ubundi ryahoze rishingiye cyane cyane ku kohereza ibicuruzwa byinshi mu bihugu byo mu Burasirazuba bwo hagati, Afurika no mu Burayi.

Iyo raporo igaragaza ko mu gihembwe cya mbere cya 2025, ibihugu u Rwanda rwoherejemo byinshi cyane, harimo Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Abarabu (UAE), Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo (RDC), u Bushinwa, Luxembourg na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.

Mu gihembwe cyabanje, ni ukuvuga igihembwe cya kabiri cya 2024, u Bwongereza ni bwo bwari bufite umwanya wa gatanu, ku rutonde rw’ibihugu bya mbere u Rwanda rwoherezamo ibicuruzwa byinshi, buza imbere ya Amerika.

Kwinjira kwa Amerika kuri urwo rutonde byerekana ukwiyongera k’ubuhahirane hagati y’ibihugu byombi, cyane cyane mu rwego rw’ubucuruzi bw’ikawa ndetse n’ubw’ibikorerwa mu gihugu.

Muri rusange, ubucuruzi bw’u Rwanda bugaragaza kuzamuka n’ubudahangarwa bushimishije, kubera ko ayinjiye aturuka mu bicuruzwa rwohereje hanze yiyongereye ava kuri Miliyoni 541 z’Amadolari mu gihembwe cya kabiri cya 2024 agera kuri Miliyoni 705 mu gihembwe cya mbere cy’uyu mwaka wa 2025, bivuze ko yazamutseho 30%.

Iyo ni yo mibare yo hejuru yabayeho mu bijyanye n’ubucuruzi bwo kohereza ibintu hanze, ugereranyije n’ibindi bihembwe byose byabayeho mu myaka itatu ishize.

Uko kuzamuka kandi, kwanatewe ahanini n’iyoherezwa mu mahanga ry’ibicuruzwa bitandukanye bitigeze bivugwaho cyane, byiganjemo amabuye y’agaciro nka zahabu na tantalum ndetse n’umusaruro w’ibikomoka ku buhinzi no ku matungo.

Ku rundi ruhande, ibyo u Rwanda rutumiza hanze byaragabanutse, biva kuri Miliyari 1.81 z’Amadolari mu gihembwe cya kabiri cya 2024, bigera kuri Miliyari 1.63 z’Amadolari mu gihembwe cya mbere cya 2025.

Izo mpinduka zatumye icyuho cy’ubucuruzi (trade deficit) ku Rwanda kigabanuka kiva kuri Miliyari 1.1 y’Amadolari kigera kuri Miliyoni 867 z’Amadolari.

Ubucuruzi bwo kohereza hanze ibicuruzwa byari byarabanje gutumizwa mu mahanga, bigahindurwaho gato cyangwa se ntihagire icyo bihindurwaho nyuma bikongera koherezwa mu mahanga (re-exports), nabwo bwazamutseho gato, buva kuri Miliyoni 164 z’Amadolari bugera kuri Miliyoni 173 z’Amadolari.

Ubucuruzi hagati y’u Rwanda n’ibihugu bigize Umuryango wa Afurika y’Iburasirazuba (EAC) nabwo bwagaragayemo impinduka zitandukanye. Ibicuruzwa u Rwanda rwohereje muri EAC byariyongereye biva kuri Miliyoni 7.8 Z’Amadolari mu gihembwe cya kabiri cya 2024 bigera kuri Miliyoni 10.2 z’Amadolari mu gihembwe cya mbere cya 2025.

Ibihugu bya Sudani y’Epfo n’u Burundi ni byo bikomeje kuba ku isonga mu bihugu byo muri EAC u Rwanda rwoherezamo ibicuruzwa byinshi.

Gusa, ubucuruzi bw’ibyo u Rwanda rutumiza hanze rukongera rukabigurisha(re-exports) mu Karere, bwo bwaragabanutse, bivuze ko habayeho kugabanuka kw’abakenera ibicuruzwa nk’ibyo, harimo ibikomoka kuri peteroli, ibikorerwa mu nganda ndetse n’ibiribwa.

Ku bijyanye n’ibyo u Rwanda rutumiza bituruka mu bihugu bya EAC, Tanzania ikomeje kuba ku isonga, kuko ni ho haturuka kimwe cya kabiri cy’ibyo u Rwanda rutumiza muri EAC, igakurikirwa na Kenya, nubwo ibituruka muri Kenya byagabanutse ugereranyije n’igihembwe cyabanje (cya kabiri 2024).

Ubucuruzi na RDC bwakomeje kwiyongera, iki gihugu cyishyuye Miliyoni 47.5 z’Amadolari ku bicuruzwa byoherezwayo biturutse mu Rwanda, hakiyongeraho asaga Miliyoni 166 z’Amadalari yaturutse mu bicuruzwa byoherejweyo nyuma yo kubanza kubitumiza mu hanze, ibyo bikaba biyigira umufatanyabikorwa wa kabiri mu bucuruzi bwose bw’u Rwanda.

Ubucuruzi bw’u Rwanda n’u Burundi bwagabanutseho gato yaba ku byoherezwa biturutse mu Rwanda no ku byo rutumiza hanze nyuma rukabigurishayo (re-exports).

Ubucuruzi n’indi miryango ihuza ibihugu nabwo bwagaragayemo impinduka zitandukanye, hamwe burazamuka ahandi buragabanuka.

Ubucuruzi hagati y’u Rwanda n’ibihugu bigize umuryango wa COMESA bwarazamutse, mu gihe mu bihugu bigize umuryango wa SADC bwo bwagabanutseho gato. Ubumwe bw’u Burayi (EU) bwakomeje kuba isoko rinini ry’ibitumizwa hanze. Gusa, ibicuruzwa u Rwanda rwohererezayo byariyongereye cyane, bigabanya icyuho cyo mu rwego rw’ubucuruzi.

Umuryango w’Ubukungu w’Ibihugu bya Afurika y’u Burengerazuba (ECOWAS) wo wakomeje kugira uruhare ruto cyane mu bucuruzi bw’u Rwanda, haba mu byo rwoherezayo no mu byo rutumizayo.

U Rwanda rukomeje kwagura isoko ry’ibyo rwohereza hanze no kongera abafatanyabikorwa barwo mu by’ubucuruzi, ibipimo bishya byerekana impinduka zigaragara rurimo rukora mu mibanire yarwo n’amahanga mu bucuruzi.

Kwinjira kwa Amerika mu bihugu by’ingenzi u Rwanda rwoherezamo ibicuruzwa bishobora gufungura andi mahirwe mashya y’ubucuruzi, cyane cyane ku ikawa, amabuye y’agaciro n’ibikorerwa mu Rwanda.