Ese koko ingo 83% zo mu Rwanda zihagije mu biribwa? Agahinda k’abaturage!

Tariki ya 3 Nyakanga 2025, Guverinoma y’u Rwanda yatangaje inkuru ivuga ku bijyanye n’imibereho y’abaturage, aho byavuzwe ko umubare w’ingo zihagije mu biribwa wiyongereye mu myaka ine ishize ugera kuri 83%, uvuye kuri 79,4% mu 2020.

Ibi byatangajwe n’uwahoze ari Minisitiri w’Intebe, Dr. Edouard Ngirente, ubwo yagezaga ku Nteko Ishinga Amategeko ishusho rusange y’ubukungu bw’igihugu. Yavuze ko imbaraga zashyizwe mu buhinzi n’ubworozi arizo zatumye Abanyarwanda bongera kubona ibyo kurya bihagije kandi byujuje ubuziranenge.

Icyo gihe Minisitiri yagize ati” “Mu 2017, ingo zihagije mu biribwa zari kuri 80%, mu gihe cya COVID-19 byaramanutse bigera kuri 79,4%. Nyuma yaho kubera gahunda zikomeye mu buhinzi n’ubworozi, ubu tugeze kuri 83%. Ibyo bigaragaza intambwe ikomeye igihugu cyateye mu kurwanya inzara.”

Ariko se, uko imibare itangwa n’ubushakashatsi bwakozwe, ni ko ubuzima bw’abantu bugaragara ku rwego rw’umurimo, isoko, n’imibereho myiza y’abaturage? Ese umuryango nyarwanda usigaye ubaho udafite ikibazo cy’inzara cyangwa kuganya ibyo kurya? Ese koko ingo zirenga 8 ku 10 mu Rwanda zirya neza?

Mu bushakashatsi bukunze gukorwa ku rwego rw’igihugu, ijambo “kwihaza mu biribwa” (food security) rishobora kumvikana nabi cyangwa rikitiranywa n’uko abantu babaho neza bafite indyo yuzuye. Akenshi, ibi bipimo bifatirwa ku biribwa bihari, uburyo bigerwaho, cyangwa se uko byabitswe n’uko bihabwa umuryango, ariko ntibigaragaza ubuziranenge bw’iyo ndyo, cyangwa niba ihagije mu ntungamubiri.

Nk’uko bisobanurwa na Dr. Mugenzi Alphonse, impuguke mu buzima rusange, agira ati “Iyo bavuga ko ingo zihagije mu biribwa, bishobora gusobanura ko ziticwa n’inzara, ariko ntibivuze ko zirya indyo yuzuye cyangwa ituma umubiri ukura neza. Birashoboka ko umuryango warya umutsima (Ubugari) gusa iminsi 5, nyamara ugasanga uwo muryango ubarwa nk’uwihagije mu biribwa.”

Ibi ni bimwe mu bisobanuro bituma abantu benshi bashidikanya kuri iyo mibare ya 83%, bitewe n’uko itagaragaza ubwoko, ubwinshi, n’ukwuzuzanya kw’intungamubiri ziba mu byo abantu barya.

Agahinda k’abaturage bo mu byaro bagiye kwicwa n’inzara

Mu Murenge wa Gisagara, mu Ntara y’Amajyepfo, Nyirabagenzi Speciose, umubyeyi w’abana 5, aravuga ashize amanga: “Iyo mvuga ko nshonje ntibanyumva. Bambwira ko twe tutari mu cyiciro cyumuntu ugiye kwicwa n’inzara. Ariko reba: ndya amasaka gusa, rimwe na rimwe nkabura isukari n’amavuta. Imboga zo nzibona rimwe mu cyumweru. Ni nde utinyuka kuvuga ko ndi mu ngo zihagije mu biribwa?”

Ubu ni ubuhamya busa n’ubugaragara mu turere twinshi two mu cyaro. Ibiribwa bikeya, izamuka ry’ibiciro ku isoko, imyaka yangizwa n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere, ndetse n’ibura ry’isoko ry’imbuto n’inyongeramusaruro, byose bituma ubuhinzi busigaye butagira icyo butungira imiryango.

Aho tugeze, hari ingo zicumbikira abana b’inzererezi cyangwa abarangwaho  n’imirire mibi (malnutrition), ariko zikabarwa nk’izihagije mu biribwa kuko zifite icyo kurya, n’ubwo ntacyo ibyo biryo byaba bimarira umubiri.

Ibiciro by’ibiribwa: Ibiryo birahari, ariko si bose babasha kubibona

Ibiciro by’ibiribwa byarazamutse ku rwego rw’igihugu. Isukari, umuceri, ibishyimbo n’ibindi by’ibanze ku muryango nyarwanda byabaye nk’amatafari ku isoko. Nk’uko imibare yaturutse muri Rwanda Consumer Price Index (CPI) ibigaragaza, hagati ya Gicurasi 2024 na Kamena 2025, ibiciro by’ibiribwa byazamutseho inshuro 1.5, aho nka Kilogram ya kawunga yavuye ku mafaranga 600 igera kuri 1,100.

Ibi bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku baturage b’icyiciro cya mbere n’icya kabiri cy’ubudehe, batagifite ubushobozi bwo kugura ibyo kurya bihagije. N’ubwo hari ibiribwa mu masoko, ntibisobanuye ko abaturage bose bashobora kubigura.

Indyo ituzuye: Intambara yihishe inyuma y’ubuzima busa nk’ubwiza

Ubushakashatsi bwa WFP (World Food Programme) bwagaragaje ko abana bagera kuri 33% mu bice bimwe by’igihugu bafite ikibazo cy’imirire mibi imeze nabi. N’ubwo barya, ibyo barya ntibihagije mu ntungamubiri. Abana batabona imboga, imbuto, amata cyangwa inyama ku rugero rukenewe, baba bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara no kudakura neza.

Dr. Uwase Clarisse, impuguke mu mirire, avuga ko: “Ibibazo by’imirire biri hagati y’ubushobozi buke n’ubumenyi buke ku by’indyo yuzuye. Ibiribwa bishobora kuba bihari, ariko niba ari ibishishwa gusa cyangwa ibirimo ibinyamavuta gusa, bifite ingaruka ku buzima bw’umuryango.”

Ubushakashatsi bw’abahanga buvuga ibinyuranye

Hari raporo zitandukanye zemeza ko ibipimo byyo kwihaza mu biribwa mu Rwanda bikiri hasi. Nk’urugero, Comprehensive Food Security and Vulnerability Analysis (CFSVA) ya 2022 yagaragaje ko hafi ya 41% by’ingo zifite umutekano usesuye mu biribwa , bivuze ko izisigaye zifite ikibazo cy’ibiribwa, n’ubwo bidashobora kwitwa “inzara”.

Ibyo bitandukanye cyane n’umubare wa 83% uvugwa na bamwe, bikaba bishobora guterwa n’uburyo ibipimo bifatwa bitandukanye, cyangwa n’uburyo bisobanurwa ku rwego rwa politiki.

Gahunda za Leta ziriho, ariko haracyari icyuho

Leta y’u Rwanda yashyizeho gahunda zitandukanye zo guteza imbere umutekano mu biribwa, zirimo Gahunda ya Girinka, Imishinga ya Smart Agriculture, n’ibindi bikorwa byo gufasha imiryango itishoboye binyuze muri VUP na MINAGRI. Ibi bikorwa byagize uruhare mu kuzamura ubushobozi bw’ingo nyinshi.

Ariko nk’uko byemezwa na bamwe mu bagize imiryango itegamiye kuri Leta, izi gahunda ntizigera hose, ndetse usanga ahenshi zigenda biguru ntege. Hari abaturage bavuga ko bahawe inka, ariko ntibafite aho baziragirira, abandi bavuga ko bahawe amahugurwa ariko ntibagenerwa ibikoresho byo guhinga cyangwa ubutaka buhagije.

Inama n’ibisabwa: Icyerekezo gishya cy’ukuri

1. Kujya habaho ubushakashatsi bushingiye ku buzima bw’abaturage aho kubara gusa ibiribwa biri mu rugo.

2. Gushyira imbaraga mu kwigisha abaturage imirire iboneye, kurusha kubaha gusa ifu cyangwa ibiribwa by’ibanze.

3. Kongera ubufasha bujyanye n’ibiciro biri ku isoko, kugira ngo n’abafite ubushake bwo kwigira babone ubushobozi bwo kwigurira indyo ikwiriye.

4. Guteza imbere ubuhinzi butangiza ibidukikije, burengera umusaruro igihe cyose, ndetse n’ububiko bwawo.

Nubwo imibare yerekana ko u Rwanda rutera imbere mu kurwanya inzara, ni ngombwa kumenya ko hari ibice byinshi by’igihugu bikirwana n’ibibazo bikomeye byo kubura indyo yuzuye, ubushobozi buke bwo kubona ibiribwa, ndetse no kutagira ubumenyi buhagije ku mirire. Ingo zishobora kuba zifite akawunga cyangwa ibishyimbo, ariko ntibisobanura ko umuryango utekanye cyangwa wihagije.

Kumenya ibi ni ingenzi kugira ngo hafatwe ingamba zihamye, zishingiye ku kuri kw’ibiri ku butaka, aho ubuzima bw’abaturage butagomba gupimirwa ku mibare gusa, ahubwo no ku cyizere cy’ejo hazaza.