Nta gikozwe ubumenyi bw’ubukorano (AI) burasiga ikiremwamuntu mu kangaratete
Mu gihe isi yose yinjira mu isi y’ikoranabuhanga rihanitse, amagambo nk’ubumenyi bw’ubukorano (Artificial Intelligence), Machine Learning na Data Science ntabwo ari ay’abahanga gusa, ahubwo yatangiye kugera mu buzima bwa buri munsi bw’umuturage usanzwe. Ariko se, ni iki ibi bisobanuro bishya bivuze ku bukungu bw’igihugu? Ese byaba bifite uruhare mu kongera imirimo cyangwa byongera ubushomeri? Ibi ni bimwe mu bibazo bihangayikishije abayobozi n’abaturage ku isi hose.
Ubumenyi bw’ubukorano ni uburyo mudasobwa n’imashini bigira ubushobozi bwo gutekereza, gufata ibyemezo, no kwigira ku makuru , kimwe n’uko umuntu yabikora. Nk’uko byanditswe na Stuart Russell na Peter Norvig mu gitabo Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach, AI ni “uburyo bwo gukora imashini zitwara nk’abantu, zifite ubushobozi bwo kumva, kwiga, gufata ibyemezo, no kwikorera ibintu bidategereje amabwiriza y’umuntu.”
Mu gihe ibihugu bikize nka Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Ubuyapani, Ubushinwa n’ibindi bikomeje gushora amafaranga menshi mu bushakashatsi kuri AI, ibihugu bikiri mu nzira y’amajyambere nabyo bitangiye gusobanukirwa ko iyi ari imbarutso y’iterambere ry’ubukungu ryihuse.
Nk’uko bigaragara muri Okun’s Law, hari ihuriro rikomeye hagati y’izamuka ry’igipimo cy’ubukungu bw’igihugu; PIB (GDP) n’igabanuka ry’ubushomeri. Iyo igihugu gikora byinshi, kiba gikeneye n’abantu benshi bo gukora. Ariko se, iyo AI yinjiye mu kazi k’abantu basanzwe bakora, ni nde ubihomberamo cyangwa ubyungukiramo?
Ubushakashatsi bwa Lee (2000) na Farsio & Quade (2003) bwerekana ko ubwiyongere bwa GDP bugabanya ubushomeri. Ariko abahanga nka Feldmann (2006) na Brückner na Pappa (2012) bagaragaza ko ubushomeri bushobora kwiyongera nubwo ubukungu bwaba bwiyongereye, cyane iyo ubuyobozi bushorwa mu bikorwa bigamije kugabanya imirimo y’abantu isimbuzwa imashini.
Nta gushidikanya ko AI ifasha mu koroshya imirimo. Urugero: Ibigo bikora mu bucuruzi bw’itumanaho bikoresha AI mu kwakira no gusubiza ibibazo by’abakiriya hakoreshejwe “chatbots”; ibitaro bikoresha AI mu gusuzuma indwara hakiri kare. Ariko se, byamara iki ku muntu wize gucunga umutungo (accountant), umurezi, umunyamakuru, cyangwa umushoferi, niba ibyo akora byose bishobora gukorwa n’imashini?
Nk’uko Oxford University study ya Frey na Osborne (2013) yabisobanuye, hejuru ya 47% by’imirimo iriho ubu ishobora gusimburwa n’imashini mu myaka 10 iri imbere. Aha niho ikibazo cy’ubushomeri kizatangira kugira ingaruka zikomeye.
Nk’uko ubushakashatsi bwa Monacelli et al. (2010) na Ramey (2012) bubigaragaza, uburyo Leta itanga amafaranga ku mishinga ya tekinoloji bifite uruhare runini ku mibereho y’abaturage. Iyo amafaranga yinjijwe neza mu mashuri, ubushakashatsi n’amasoko y’umurimo, bishobora kuzamura ubukungu no kugabanya ubushomeri. Ariko iyo ashorwa nabi, bishobora kwangiza isoko ry’umurimo ndetse n’ubukungu.
Abahanga benshi bemeranya ko igisubizo nyacyo atari ugukumira ikoranabuhanga, ahubwo ari uguhindura uburyo twiga n’uburyo dukoresha ubumenyi. Nk’uko Yuval Noah Harari yabivuze mu gitabo 21 Lessons for the 21st Century, “Igihe cyose abantu bamenya kwiga ibintu bishya, guhanga udushya no guhinduka uko isi ihinduka, ntibazigera basimbuzwa n’imashini.”
U Rwanda rumaze igihe rwinjiye muri gahunda y’ikoranabuhanga nka “Smart Rwanda Master Plan” hamwe no guteza imbere amasomo ajyanye na STEM mu mashuri. Ibi ni ikimenyetso ko igihugu cyacu cyiteguye guhangana n’iki gihe cy’ubumenyi.
STEM bivuze: S – Science (Ubumenyi)
T – Technology (Ikoranabuhanga)
E – Engineering (Ubwubatsi / Ubugeni bwa tekiniki)
M – Mathematics (Imibare)
Ubumenyi bw’ubukorano ntibukwiye gutera ubwoba abantu, ahubwo bukwiye gufatwa nk’amahirwe mashya. Aho kugira ngo dutinye gusimburwa n’imashini, dukwiye kwiga uko twabikoresha mu nyungu zacu: mu buhinzi, ubuvuzi, uburezi, n’itangazamakuru. Abashomeri b’uyu munsi bashobora kuba abayobozi b’imishinga ikoresha AI ejo hazaza, niba dushyize imbere ubumenyi bufatika.
Ibihe bishya bisaba abantu bashya. Niba isi irimo guhinduka, natwe tugomba guhinduka.
Yanditswe na NZIZA RUTARE Dvid
