Inyanja Nshya Iri Kuvuka muri Afurika y’Iburasirazuba: Ubuhamya Bw’Ubushakashatsi Bushya

Mu gace ka Afar, ku mipaka y’u Burasirazuba bwa Ethiopia, Eritrea na Djibouti, hari ibintu bitangaje biri kubera mu nda y’isi bishobora gusiga impinduka zidasanzwe mu miterere y’afurika n’isi muri rusange. Abahanga mu bijyanye na geoloji ( ubumenyi ku miterere y’ubutaka) bamaze imyaka myinshi bakurikirana ihinduka rikomeye rizahindura ishusho ya Afurika uko tuyizi uyu munsi. Ubu bushakashatsi bushya bwerekana ko ikintu cyari cyitezwe kuba mu gihe cy’imyaka miliyoni hagati 5 ni 10 gishobora kuba kigeze hafi ngo kirangire mu gihe gito cyane ugereranije n’igihe cyatekerezwaga ko inyanja nshya izavukira bitewe n’imbaraga karemano zo munsi y’ ubutaka ( tectonic movement).

Inkomoko y’iyi mpinduka , Ubusanzwe imiterere y’isi ihinduka gahoro cyane: imigabane igenda yitandukanya cyangwa ikegerana mu gihe cy’imyaka ibihumbi cyangwa miliyoni. Ariko mu gace ka Afar, ibintu biri kwihuta. Ni ahantu hatandukanye cyane ku isi, kuko ariho uduce dutatu tw’uduce duto tugize igice cy’isi (tectonic plates) duhura. Plate ivugwa hano ni nk’igisahani cyangwa agace Kaho Afurika ihurira mu buryo bimeze nk’ikidodo kizingazinze ibyo mu ndimi z’amahanga bakabyita plate: plate y’Afurika y’Uburasirazuba, plate y’Afurika yo Hagati, na plate ya Arabia.

Profesa Cynthia Ebinger, umushakashatsi mu bijyanye na geoloji wo muri Tulane University, amaze imyaka irenga 35 kuva mu 1980 akurikirana ibi bivugwa ko byahindura amateka y’isi.

Agira ati” Icyo twatekerezaga nk’impinduka izafata ama milioni y’imyaka, ubu turabona ko ishobora kuba iri kwihuta ku buryo inyanja nshya izagaragara mu gihe gito cyane ugereranyije n’ibyo twari tuzi”.

Uburyo bigenda

Ibi biba Iyo uduce tugize isi dukomeje gutandukana, hasi mu nda y’isi haturuka ibikoma (magma) bigakora igitutu gituma ubutaka bucikamo ibice. Amazi aturuka mu nyanja nini zo hafi , muri aka gace ni ay’Inyanja y’Abarabu n’Inyanja Itukura, akinjira muri icyo gice, agatangira kubyaza ishusho inyanja nshya. Ubu muri Afar haragaragara imirongo minini icitse mu butaka, ahantu hakonje hazungurukwamo n’ibishanga by’amazi ashyushye (hot springs) n’imisozi y’ibirunga iciriritse.

Iyo inyanja nshya yuzuye, bisobanura ko igice kinini cya Afurika y’Iburasirazuba gicikamo ibice, kimwe kigahinduka nk’ibirwa (archipelago), mu nyanja nshya izaba ihuje Inyanja y’Abarabu n’inyanja nini ya Afurika. Ibihugu nka Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti, Somalia ndetse n’igice cya Kenya bishobora kubona imipaka mishya y’amazi.

Kuri bamwe, ibi bishobora kuzana amahirwe mashya y’ubukungu, Gute?:

– Ubukerarugendo bushingiye ku nyanja nshya n’ibirere bidasanzwe bya geoloji.

– Uburobyi bushya n’inkambi z’ubucuruzi ku mazi.

– Amashanyarazi akomoka ku mikorere ya geothermie (ubushyuhe buturuka mu nda y’isi) ikomeje kwiyongera muri aka gace.

– Ariko kandi, hari n’ingaruka zishobora kubangamira abaturage: kwimurwa ku gahato, gutakaza ubutaka bw’ubuhinzi bacungiragaho imibereho , cyangwa gutandukanya imiryango yari isanzwe ituye hamwe.

Ibi bibazo biri gukurura abahanga b’isi yose

Amahugurwa y’amasomo ya geoloji ku isi . Mu 2023, inyandiko 17 z’ubushakashatsi zasohotse mu bitangazamakuru bya siyansi, zisesengura umuvuduko w’itandukana ry’uduce tw’isi muri Afar. Ibyo bitangazamakuru byerekanye ko, mu gihe cya vuba, umuvuduko uri kugera ku mpuzandengo ya santimetero 2-3 ku mwaka , umuvuduko ugereranywa n’uwi ikinyabiziga.

Ubushakashatsi bwa Prof. Ebinger bwerekana ko iyo umuvuduko nk’uyu ugendanye n’uburyo ubutaka bwaho bwubatse, bishobora kugabanya igihe byari bitegerejwe ko iyi nyanja nshya yigaragaza.

Impinduka ku bukungu n’imibanire y’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba

Inyanja nshya izasaba ko ibihugu bihindura imipaka, bikaba byakenera amasezerano mashya ku mikoreshereze y’amazi, uburobyi, no ku byerekeye ubucuruzi bwo mu mazi. Ibi bishobora kuzana amahirwe mashya yo guhuza ibihugu mu bukungu, ariko na none bigatera impaka ku mutungo kamere.

Mu rwego rw’ubukerarugendo, bizaba ari amahirwe y’ikirenga. Akarere ka Afar gashoshobora kuzakira ba mukerarugendo/ abashyitsi baturutse impande zose z’isi baje kureba ahantu honyine ku isi hashobora kubyara inyanja mu maso y’abantu bakiriho.

Isomo ku mibereho y’isi

Iyi mpinduka ni urwibutso rukomeye ko isi ihora ihinduka itagira iherezo. Ku myaka yacu, dushobora kubona impinduka ziteza imbere ubushakashatsi, ubukungu, ariko zikanasaba kwiyubaka mu buryo bushya nk’abantu. Nk’uko Prof. Ebinger yabitangaje, aho yagize ati: “Ibi byerekana ko imiterere y’isi idahoraho ahubwo ihora ihindagurika. Ni ikibuga gihoraho cyo kwiga, gukenera guhuza imbaraga n’ubumenyi kugira ngo duhangane n’ingaruka n’amahirwe biturutse ku bidukikije.”

Iyo nyanja nshya, mu gihe izaba ishyitse, izahindura igice kinini cya Afurika y’Iburasirazuba mu mateka n’ubuzima bwa buri munsi. Bityo, abahanga bakomeza kwibutsa ko igihe ari gito ku muntu, ariko ku isi gishobora kuba kinini , uretse igihe ibintu biri kwihuta ku muvuduko munini , uko bimeze muri Afar benshi banabihuza n’imperuka.